Las hemorroides son venas inflamadas que se desarrollan dentro o alrededor del ano. Son muy comunes: se estima que el 11% de la población adulta tiene hemorroides.1
Aunque la mayoría de los casos no son graves, los síntomas de las hemorroides pueden ser extremadamente desagradables. Es por eso que muchas personas buscan tratamiento para las hemorroides, ya sea remedios caseros y cambios en el estilo de vida o tratamientos médicos.
Comprender los signos de las hemorroides puede ayudar a determinar si hay hemorroides, el tipo de hemorroides y qué pasos tomar para obtener alivio.
Síntomas comunes de las hemorroides
Las hemorroides pueden ocurrir dentro del recto (hemorroides internas) o afuera alrededor del ano (hemorroides externas). Los diferentes tipos de hemorroides causan diversos síntomas.
Estos son algunos de los síntomas más comunes de las hemorroides y por qué ocurren.
Dolor y malestar
Las hemorroides externas pueden sentirse incómodas o dolorosas cuando se sienta, especialmente si está sentado durante largos períodos o en una silla dura. También pueden causar un dolor agudo o palpitante durante una evacuación intestinal o al limpiarse.
Las hemorroides internas generalmente no causan dolor.
Picazón e irritación
Uno de los síntomas de hemorroides anales más frustrantes es picazón e irritación. La picazón puede ser causada por venas agrandadas que causan que el exceso de humedad y mucosidad se filtren del ano. Rascarse o limpiarse repetidamente puede irritar la hemorroide, empeorando la picazón.
Este síntoma de las hemorroides puede empeorar por la noche, lo que dificulta conciliar el sueño.
Hinchazón alrededor del ano
Las hemorroides son pilas hinchadas de tejido vascular, y usted puede notar signos de este hinchazón, como una sensación de algo empujando contra el ano. Este es un posible síntoma de hemorroides internas grandes. Con las hemorroides externas, es posible que puedas sentir un bulto duro e hinchado fuera del ano.
Sangrado
La sangre de color rojo brillante en las heces, en la taza del inodoro o en el papel higiénico después de limpiarse es una señal de advertencia común de las hemorroides. El sangrado puede ocurrir por esfuerzo durante una evacuación intestinal.
El sangrado hemorroide generalmente no es grave. Si hay mucha sangre, podría ser porque se ha formado un coágulo de sangre en la hemorroide. Esta complicación, una hemorroide trombosada, puede dañar los vasos sanguíneos circundantes y el tejido sano y requiere tratamiento médico urgente.
Protrusión (prolapso)
Una hemorroide interna puede sobresalir del ano. Esto puede suceder durante un movimiento intestinal. Una hemorroide sobresaliente o prolapsada se sentirá como una masa blanda. A veces, se puede empujar suavemente hacia atrás en el ano.
Formación de bultos
Las hemorroides externas pueden formar bultos duros fuera del ano. Podría haber un bulto o varios.
Otros posibles síntomas de las hemorroides
El sangrado, la picazón y el malestar son comunes con las hemorroides, pero pueden ocurrir otros síntomas posibles.
Secreción de moco
Una hemorroide interna inflamada podría filtrar mucosidad. Si eso sucede, podría causar una sensación de humedad en la región anal. El flujo rectal de una hemorroide interna generalmente desaparecerá después de unos días. Si no lo hace, es importante ver a un médico para determinar si otra condición más grave está causando este síntoma.
Fuga fecal
Las hemorroides pueden impedir que los músculos que rodean el ano se cierren por completo. Si esto sucede, se puede filtrar una pequeña cantidad de heces.
Molestias de deposición incompleta
Una hemorroide interna grande puede causar presión adicional o puede hacer que parezca que todavía hay más heces para expulsar al defecar.
Tome el control de sus síntomas y programe una cita
A menudo, los síntomas de las hemorroides desaparecen en una o dos semanas. Los cambios en el estilo de vida y el cuidado en el hogar pueden ayudar a acelerar el proceso de curación. Comer más fibra, beber agua y baños de asiento pueden ayudar.
Sin embargo, si los síntomas de las hemorroides no comienzan a mejorar con el cuidado en el hogar después de una semana, es importante consultar a un médico.
Un especialista en hemorroides puede realizar un examen y discutir sus síntomas para determinar si tiene hemorroides, qué tan graves son y qué tipo de tratamiento le ayudará a obtener alivio. Ver a un médico también es importante para descartar otras afecciones más graves, como el cáncer de colon o recto.
USA Hemorrhoid Centers es el hogar de médicos de hemorroides altamente recomendados que se especializan en el tratamiento de las hemorroides con un procedimiento no quirúrgico que ofrece alivio duradero con un riesgo mínimo de complicaciones. Tenemos clínicas en todo el país que ofrecen consultas de hemorroides, planes de tratamiento personalizados y atención asequible.
Programe una consulta en una ubicación de USA Hemorrhoid Centers. cerca de usted y tome el control de sus síntomas.
Preguntas frecuentes sobre los síntomas de las hemorroides
¿Cuál es el síntoma de hemorroides interno más común?
El sangrado es el síntoma más común de las hemorroides internas. Es posible que notes una pequeña cantidad de sangre de color rojo brillante después de defecar en el inodoro, defecar o después de limpiarte.
¿Qué sucede si las hemorroides no se tratan?
Algunas hemorroides desaparecerán por sí solas con el tiempo. Sin embargo, si la causa del desarrollo de las hemorroides no se aborda, puede volver a ocurrir. También es posible que las hemorroides persistan durante meses o incluso años, causando molestias crónicas y aumentando el riesgo de complicaciones, como un coágulo sanguíneo.
¿Cómo saber si tienes hemorroides?
Usted puede saber si tiene hemorroides buscando signos comunes, como sangre en las heces, picazón e irritación alrededor del ano, y un bulto cerca del ano o que sobresale de él. Las hemorroides también pueden ser dolorosas. Si sus síntomas no empiezan a desaparecer después de una semana con atención en el hogar, consulte a un médico para asegurarse de que sus síntomas son de hemorroides en lugar de otra afección. Un especialista en hemorroides también puede ofrecer un tratamiento adecuado.
Las fuentes:
1. Parvez Sheike, Catherine Regnier, Fabienne Goron, and Ghislaine Salmat. La prevalencia, características y tratamiento de la enfermedad hemorroidal: Resultados de una encuesta internacional basada en la web. Volumen 9, no 17.
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